Understanding Xanthelasma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Xanthelasma is a common dermatological condition characterised by yellowish plaques that develop on the skin around the eyelids. 

These plaques are composed of cholesterol deposits and can be an indicator of underlying health issues. In this blog, we will explore what xanthelasma is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and the various treatment options available.

What is Xanthelasma?

Xanthelasma palpebrarum is a condition where fatty deposits accumulate under the skin, primarily around the eyes. These deposits appear as soft, yellowish plaques and are often symmetrical. While xanthelasma itself is benign and not harmful, it can be a cosmetic concern for many individuals.

Causes of Xanthelasma

Xanthelasma is associated with lipid (fat) metabolism disorders, but it can also occur in individuals with normal cholesterol levels. The primary causes include:

• High Cholesterol: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can lead to the formation of xanthelasma.
• Hyperlipidemia: This is a condition where there are high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, contributing to xanthelasma development.
• Genetic Factors: A family history of Xanthelasma or hyperlipidaemia increases the risk.
• Other Health Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and hypothyroidism can also be linked to xanthelasma.

Symptoms of Xanthelasma

The primary symptom of xanthelasma is the appearance of yellowish plaques on the eyelids. These plaques have distinct characteristics:

Colour 

Pale yellow to orange.

Texture 

Soft and flat or slightly raised.

Location 

Typically found on the upper and lower eyelids, near the inner corners of the eyes.

Size and Shape 

Vary in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres and often have a symmetrical distribution.

Diagnosis of Xanthelasma

Diagnosing xanthelasma usually involves a physical examination by a doctor. The appearance of the plaques is often distinctive enough for a diagnosis. However, additional tests may be conducted to assess underlying conditions:

Lipid Profile Test 

Measures cholesterol levels and other fats in the blood.

Blood Sugar Test 

Checks for diabetes or prediabetes.

Liver Function Test 

Evaluates liver health, as liver disease can be associated with xanthelasma.

Treatment Options for Xanthelasma

While xanthelasma itself is not harmful, many people seek treatment for cosmetic reasons. Treatment options include:

1. Medications

Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: Statins, fibrates, and other medications can help manage high cholesterol levels, potentially preventing further development of xanthelasma.

2. Surgical Excision

A surgeon can surgically remove the plaques. This procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia.

3. CO2 Laser

CO2 or Erbium Yag Laser can effectively remove xanthelasma with minimal scarring. It involves using laser energy to break down the cholesterol deposits.

4. Chemical Peels

Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA) Peels: Chemical peels can help remove xanthelasma by causing the top layers of skin to peel off, taking the plaques with them.

5. Cryotherapy

Freezing: This method involves freezing the plaques with liquid nitrogen, causing them to fall off over time. This method is not as precise as Laser surgery. 

6. Radiofrequency Treatment

Electrodesiccation: This technique uses radiofrequency energy to heat and destroy the cholesterol deposits, allowing the plaques to be removed.

Prevention of Xanthelasma

Preventing xanthelasma primarily involves managing the underlying causes:

• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol can help maintain healthy lipid levels.
• Regular Exercise: Physical activity can help manage weight and improve lipid profiles.
• Medical Management: Regular check-ups and management of conditions like diabetes and liver disease can reduce the risk of xanthelasma.

Conclusion

Xanthelasma is a benign condition characterised by yellowish plaques around the eyes, often associated with high cholesterol and other lipid metabolism disorders. While not harmful, it can be a cosmetic concern for many individuals. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for xanthelasma can help you manage this condition effectively. If you notice any unusual plaques or changes in your skin, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out underlying health issues and explore appropriate treatment options.

Disclaimer:

All cosmetic procedures carry risks. These include: swelling, bruising, infection, allergic reaction, asymmetrical results, vascular injury, nerve trauma, visual disturbances, psychological trauma and grievous body harm. For more information, please visit our website site and find the link to the “ Risks & Complications” page at the bottom of our website home page on medaesthetics.com.au. Before / After images are of actual DermAesthetics/ Medaesthetics patients as well as stock images provided by the medical product suppliers. These images are for reference purpose only. Individual results may vary. Please obtain expert opinion from at least two different medical providers before undergoing any cosmetic treatment.