Understanding Milia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Often mistaken for whiteheads, milia are small, white, benign cysts that commonly appear on the skin, particularly around the nose, eyes, and cheeks. 

While they are harmless, milia can be a cosmetic concern for many. Nicknamed ‘milk spots’, milia is a condition commonly associated with new-born babies, but occurs in adults, too.

In this blog, we will explore what milia are, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and the various treatment options available to manage these tiny cysts.

What are Milia?

Milia are tiny, pearly-white bumps that form under the skin. They are primarily made up of keratin, a protein found in the skin, hair, and nails. 

Milia are often mistaken for whiteheads or other types of acne, but they are not related to acne and do not form from clogged pores.

What Causes Milia in Adults?

There are several factors that cause milia in adults. 

Primary Milia

Most commonly, they occur due to dead skin building up and getting trapped in the pores near the surface of the skin. If the build-up doesn’t get expelled naturally, it can become a small cyst. This type is called primary milia.

Genetics 

A predisposition to milia can run in families.

Skin Trauma

Burns, blistering injuries, or even certain skin treatments can trigger the formation of milia (Secondary Milia). 

Sun Damage 

Prolonged sun exposure can lead to skin changes that result in milia.

Skin Products 

Heavy creams or oil-based products can trap keratin under the skin, leading to milia.

Ageing Skin 

As skin ages, it becomes less effective at shedding dead skin cells, which can contribute to milia formation.

Symptoms of Milia

Milia are typically asymptomatic and do not cause pain or discomfort. Key characteristics include:

• Appearance: Small, white, or yellowish bumps.
• Texture: Firm to the touch, not easily squeezed out.
• Location: Commonly found around the eyes, nose, cheeks, and sometimes on the eyelids.
• Size: Usually 1-2 millimetres in diameter.

Diagnosis of Milia

Diagnosing milia is straightforward and typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider. Their distinctive appearance usually makes them easy to identify without the need for additional tests. In rare cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out other skin conditions.

Treatment Options for Milia

While milia often resolve on their own, treatment may be sought for cosmetic reasons or if they persist. Options include:

1. At-Home Remedies

Exfoliation: Regular exfoliation with a gentle scrub can help remove dead skin cells and prevent milia.

Over-the-Counter Retinoids: These can promote cell turnover and prevent keratin buildup.

Steam Treatments: Using steam to open pores can sometimes help release trapped keratin.

2. Professional Treatments

Manual Extraction: A dermal clinician can remove milia using a sterile needle and a comedone extractor. This should not be attempted at home to avoid scarring or infection.

Chemical Peels: Chemical peels with ingredients like glycolic acid can help exfoliate the skin and remove milia.

Laser Therapy: Laser treatments such as Pico Genesis can target and remove milia without damaging surrounding skin. 

Prevention of Milia

Preventing milia involves maintaining a consistent skincare routine and protecting the skin from damage. Tips include:

• Gentle Skincare: Use gentle, non-comedogenic products that do not clog pores.
• Sun Protection: Regular use of sunscreen can prevent sun damage that contributes to milia.
• Regular Exfoliation: Gentle exfoliation can help remove dead skin cells and prevent buildup.
• Avoid Heavy Creams: Opt for lighter, water-based moisturisers if you are prone to milia.

Conclusion

Milia are common, harmless skin cysts that can affect individuals of all ages. While they typically resolve on their own, various treatment options are available for those seeking to remove them for cosmetic reasons. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for milia can help you manage this condition effectively. If you have persistent or bothersome milia, consulting a dermal clinician / doctor can provide guidance on the best treatment approach tailored to your skin’s needs.

Disclaimer:

All cosmetic procedures carry risks. These include: swelling, bruising, infection, allergic reaction, asymmetrical results, vascular injury, nerve trauma, visual disturbances, psychological trauma and grievous body harm. For more information, please visit our website site and find the link to the “ Risks & Complications” page at the bottom of our website home page on medaesthetics.com.au. Before / After images are of actual DermAesthetics/ Medaesthetics patients as well as stock images provided by the medical product suppliers. These images are for reference purpose only. Individual results may vary. Please obtain expert opinion from at least two different medical providers before undergoing any cosmetic treatment.